Avant-Garde movements emerged in Latin America in the late teens to mid-1930s as a form of activity that stimulated an experimental and innovative artistic vision, particularly with respect to literature, the arts, and popular culture.   This new aesthetic vision was often disseminated through written manifestos and the publication of short-lived magazines that served as outlets for cultural debates and the experimentation with multiple literary and artistic genres.   Influenced and stimulated by European avant-gardes of the post-WWI era and inspired by the advances in technology, the vanguardistas fully engaged in political and aesthetic activism.   Mexican vanguardism developed in the 1920 in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution.  Secretary of Public Education, José Vasconcelos (1882-1959) was instrumental in setting up the path and in providing creative and financial support for three of the most significant avant-garde movements in the cultural history of Mexico: Muralism, Stridentism, and a literary group called “Los contemporáneos.”    By the 1950s, a new generation of artists, reacting against muralism’s revolutionary, leftist, and nationalistic motives, and also attracted by new European and American movements like abstract expressionism and cubism, sought to break away from  social-realistic interpretations by developing a more international, non-political and cosmopolitan aesthetic discourse.  This group is known as the “Rupture Generation”.